{"id":2438,"date":"2026-09-16T12:39:53","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T09:09:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b0-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84\/"},"modified":"2026-10-28T13:52:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T10:22:21","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b0-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b0-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc (Immediate Load)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc<br \/>\nPrimary Stability and Decision-Making Criteria for Immediate Implant Loading<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/strong><br \/>\n\u06cc\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc (Primary Stability) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0647\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc (Immediate Loading). \u0641\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc (Secondary Stability) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u06cc \u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u06cc \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u06a9\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u06cc\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0647\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u06a9\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 (Micromotion) \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0651\u0647.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u06cc\u064f\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0636 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 (Insertion Torque) \u0648\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0647 ISQ \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0636. \u06a9\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u06a9\u0651\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u06cc\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0647\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645.<br \/>\n\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647.<br \/>\n\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647:<br \/>\n\u2022 \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u06cc<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647<br \/>\n\u0648\u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0634\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 (bone engagement)\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064b \u0628\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-609\" src=\"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dental_implant_stability_infographic-240x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dental_implant_stability_infographic-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/afratebava.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dental_implant_stability_infographic-819x1024.png 819w, https:\/\/afratebava.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dental_implant_stability_infographic-768x960.png 768w, https:\/\/afratebava.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dental_implant_stability_infographic-600x750.png 600w, https:\/\/afratebava.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dental_implant_stability_infographic.png 1122w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648ISQ \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0623\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062a\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u060c \u06cc\u064f\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0651 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u06cc\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u06a9\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u06a9\u06cc \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u060c \u06cc\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064b \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u06cc \u0623\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645:<br \/>\n\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Stability Dip).<br \/>\n\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-610\" src=\"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/a_wide_clean_infographic_medical_illustration_sce-300x200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/a_wide_clean_infographic_medical_illustration_sce-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/afratebava.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/a_wide_clean_infographic_medical_illustration_sce-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/afratebava.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/a_wide_clean_infographic_medical_illustration_sce-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/afratebava.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/a_wide_clean_infographic_medical_illustration_sce-600x400.png 600w, https:\/\/afratebava.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/a_wide_clean_infographic_medical_illustration_sce.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 (Insertion Torque)<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u064f\u0639\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064b \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u00b7\u0633\u0645 (Ncm).<br \/>\n\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u06cc\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0623\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0646 \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 Hamilton \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u06cc\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u062d\u0648 30 \u0625\u0644\u0649 45 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u00b7\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0645 30 \u064835 \u064840 \u064845 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u00b7\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9 \u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0644\u0627. \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0642\u062f \u06cc\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628:<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0627\u064b<br \/>\n\u2022 \u06a9\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u064b<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0642\u062f \u06cc\u0639\u0637\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0645.<br \/>\n\u0648\u06cc\u0628\u06cc\u0651\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u06a9 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0641\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u061b \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0642\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0647 ISQ<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0646 (Resonance Frequency Analysis &#8211; RFA).<br \/>\n\u0648\u06cc\u064f\u0639\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u06cc\u063a\u0647:<br \/>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u2013 ISQ.<br \/>\n\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062f\u0649 ISQ \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064b \u0645\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u06a9\u0628\u0631.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 ISQ \u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 60.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 ISQ 60 \u0625\u0644\u0649 71. \u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 60 \u064871 ISQ.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0647 ISQ \u0646\u062d\u0648 70 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0647\u064b \u0623\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0646 \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0648ISQ<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0633 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648ISQ \u0627\u0644\u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637.<br \/>\n\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<br \/>\n\u06cc\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639.<br \/>\nISQ \u06cc\u0633\u062a\u062c\u06cc\u0628 \u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u06a9\u0646 ISQ \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<br \/>\n\u0648\u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0642\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648ISQ \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0647.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u064f\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649:<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc + \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 + ISQ + \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7. \u0623\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645<\/strong><br \/>\n\u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0623\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064b \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0648ISQ \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0647\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u0642\u062f \u06cc\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064b \u0623\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u06a9\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0634\u06cc\u0642 \u0642\u0634\u0631\u06cc \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u06a9 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064b.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u06cc\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u06cc \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0623\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u06a9\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u06cc\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0651\u06cc\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u06a9\u06cc\u0647\/\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>9. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645\u0647\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062e \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646:<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0651\u06cc<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u06a9\u06cc\/\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631<br \/>\n\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u06a9\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0646\u0628\u063a\u06cc \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>10. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 (Macrodesign)<\/strong><br \/>\n\u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0647\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u0641\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u06cc<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06cc<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0651\u06cc\u0647<br \/>\n\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0634\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645.<br \/>\n\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0647\u064b \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u060c \u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u06cc\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u064b \u0623\u06a9\u0628\u0631.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0637\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626.<\/p>\n<p><strong>11. \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062a\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0646 \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u060c \u0642\u062f \u06cc\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0636\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0647.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9: \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u06cc\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u06cc\u062a\u0633\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>12. \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647<\/strong><br \/>\n\u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u0625\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0651\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<br \/>\n\u0648\u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u06cc\u0637\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u06cc<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u06cc<br \/>\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u06cc\u0642 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>13. \u062a\u062d\u0636\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645<\/strong><br \/>\n\u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u063a\u06cc\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644:<br \/>\n\u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062b\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u0642\u062f \u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649:<br \/>\n\u2022 \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647<\/p>\n<p><strong>14. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 (Micromotion)<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064f \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u06a9\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u06cc\u062c \u0644\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d \u0646\u062d\u0648 100\u2013150 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0647\u064b \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647. \u06a9\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u06a9\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>15. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 (Occlusion)<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u0644\u06cc:<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06cc\u0647 (Excursive)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06cc\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc (Cantilever)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0647\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u064f\u062e\u0631\u064e\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0647.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u06cc \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>16. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0628\u06cc\u0631 (Splinting)<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0647.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><strong>17. \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u06cc\u064f\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0636.<br \/>\n\u0648\u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:<br \/>\n\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<br \/>\n\u2022 ISQ \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<br \/>\n\u2022 \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0625\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0627\u062a\u064d<br \/>\n\u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<br \/>\n\u2022 ISQ \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0646<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062a\u0637\u0639\u06cc\u0645 \u0637\u0641\u06cc\u0641<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641\u0647<br \/>\n\u0642\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u06a9\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628.<br \/>\n\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<br \/>\n\u2022 ISQ \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062a\u0637\u0639\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647<br \/>\n\u06cc\u064f\u0641\u0636\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>18. \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647:<br \/>\n\u2022 20 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u00b7\u0633\u0645<br \/>\n\u2022 25 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u00b7\u0633\u0645<br \/>\n\u2022 30 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u00b7\u0633\u0645<br \/>\n\u2022 35 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u00b7\u0633\u0645<br \/>\n\u2022 40 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u00b7\u0633\u0645<br \/>\n\u2022 45 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u00b7\u0633\u0645<br \/>\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0645\u06cc\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u06a9\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 30\u201345 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u00b7\u0633\u0645.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>19. \u0645\u062f\u0649 ISQ \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u06cc\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0645 ISQ \u0623\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0647 ISQ \u226560 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 70.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9:<br \/>\n\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0647 ISQ = 70 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0647 ISQ \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 70 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<br \/>\n\u0648\u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 ISQ \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p><strong>20. \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u06cc \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0647:<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u064d<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<br \/>\n\u2022 ISQ \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 D4<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0627\u062a\u064d<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u062c\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>21. \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062a\u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0647:<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u064d<br \/>\n\u2022 \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u06cc\u062f\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u06cc\u0642 \u0642\u0634\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u064d<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<br \/>\n\u2022 ISQ \u0645\u0624\u0627\u062a\u064d<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0625\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637<br \/>\n\u2022 \u063a\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0636<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<br \/>\n\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>22. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Monitoring Stability)<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0647.<br \/>\n\u0648\u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 RFA \u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a ISQ.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0642\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b ISQ \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc ISQ \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>23. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/strong><br \/>\n\u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc:<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 1 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<br \/>\n\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0647\u061f<br \/>\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0645 \u2190 \u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 2 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645<br \/>\n\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u061f<br \/>\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u2190 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u06a9\u0651\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 3 \u2014 ISQ<br \/>\n\u0647\u0644 \u06cc\u062f\u0644\u0651 RFA \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u061f<br \/>\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u2190 \u06cc\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 4 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645<br \/>\n\u0647\u0644 \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0634\u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u061f<br \/>\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u2190 \u06cc\u064f\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0638.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 5 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642<br \/>\n\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u061f<br \/>\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u2190 \u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 6 \u2014 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0636<br \/>\n\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u061f<br \/>\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u2190 \u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u06a9\u0651\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648ISQ \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u06cc\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0623 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<br \/>\n\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0623\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f:<br \/>\n\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u064d + \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0627\u062a\u064d + \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d + \u0625\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637 + \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0636.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0630\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0647.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648ISQ \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0645 30\u201345 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u00b7\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0647.<br \/>\n\u2022 ISQ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u06cc\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u06a9\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u06cc\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0647.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0642\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/strong><br \/>\n1. Hamilton A, et al. Selection criteria for immediate implant placement and immediate loading for single tooth replacement in the maxillary esthetic zone. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2023.<br \/>\n2. Gallucci GO, et al. Implant placement and loading protocols in partially edentulous patients: A systematic review. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2018.<br \/>\n3. Ding SJ, et al. Primary stability of implant placement and loading related to dental implant materials and designs: A literature review. Journal of Dental Sciences. 2023.<br \/>\n4. Ciocan LT, et al. The Interrelation between Cortical Bone Thickness and Primary and Secondary Dental Implant Stability: a Systematic Review. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2024.<br \/>\n5. Esposito M, et al. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants. Cochrane Database\/Systematic Review.<br \/>\n6. Clinical and biomechanical determinants of immediate, early, progressive, and delayed implant loading: A comprehensive narrative review. Saudi Dental Journal. 2026.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc Primary Stability and Decision-Making Criteria for Immediate Implant Loading \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc (Primary Stability) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u06cc \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0647\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc (Immediate Loading). \u0641\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc (Secondary Stability) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u06cc \u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2443,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[258],"tags":[287,290,288,289],"class_list":["post-2438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-258","tag-immediate-load","tag-immediate-load-primary-stability","tag-primary-stability-and-decision-making-criteria-for-immediate-implant-loading","tag-289"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2438"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2438\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2446,"href":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2438\/revisions\/2446"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afratebava.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}